Adefovir dipivoxil-induced development of osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome during the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis

Orietta Staltari, Benedetto Caroleo, Andzelika Michniewicz, Giovambattista De Sarro, Franco Perticone, Luca Gallelli

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7175/cmi.v8i4.969

Abstract

Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat adult patients affected by HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). Adefovir administered at a dosage of 10 mg/day is generally well tolerated, even if renal toxicity, type Fanconi syndrome, was reported during long-term treatments.

We report a case of osteomalacia with Fanconi syndrome and pathologic fracture of the femur related to long-time (67 months) adefovir treatment (10 mg/day) in a patient with compensated hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis (Child 5A) and with a previous normal renal function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate before adefovir = 78.26 ml/min/1.73 m2; during adefovir treatment = 57.38 ml/min/1.73 m2). The patient was switched to entecavir at a dose of 1 mg/day, with both suppression of viremia and improvement of osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome; the patient’s follow-up is still ongoing after 22 months.

Keywords

Adefovir dipivoxil; Osteomalacia; Fanconi syndrome; HBV; Cirrhosis

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